Fixed Dental Bridge

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A fixed dental bridge is a restorative dental procedure used to replace one or more missing teeth. It is "fixed" because it is permanently anchored to natural teeth or implants and cannot be removed by the patient. Below is a detailed overview of the procedure:

1. Purpose of a Fixed Bridge

  • Replace Missing Teeth: Restore function (chewing, speaking) and aesthetics.
  • Prevent Shifting: Avoid neighbouring teeth from drifting into the gap, which can cause misalignment.
  • Support Facial Structure: Maintain the shape of the face and prevent sagging.
  • Improve Oral Health: Ensure even bite pressure and prevent undue stress on remaining teeth.

2. Types of Fixed Bridges

  • Traditional Bridge:
    • Most common type.
    • Consists of one or more false teeth (pontics) held in place by dental crowns on adjacent natural teeth.
  • Cantilever Bridge:
    • Used when there’s only one adjacent supporting tooth.
    • Not ideal for areas with significant bite pressure.
  • Maryland Bonded Bridge:
    • Uses a framework of metal or porcelain bonded to the back of adjacent teeth.
    • Less invasive, as it doesn’t require crowns.
  • Implant-Supported Bridge:
    • Anchored to dental implants instead of natural teeth.
    • Ideal for multiple missing teeth and offers superior stability.

3. Fixed Bridge Procedure Steps

Step 1: Consultation and Diagnosis

  • Examination: Dentist evaluates oral health, checks for gum disease, and assesses adjacent teeth.
  • Imaging: X-rays or 3D scans to analyze bone structure and identify underlying issues.
  • Treatment Plan: Dentist determines the appropriate type of bridge based on the patient’s needs.

Step 2: Tooth Preparation

  • For Traditional and Cantilever Bridges:
    • The abutment teeth (teeth adjacent to the gap) are reshaped to accommodate dental crowns.
    • The dentist removes a portion of enamel and dentin for the crown to fit properly.
  • For Implant-Supported Bridges:
    • Dental implants are surgically placed into the jawbone to serve as artificial tooth roots.
    • Healing time (3-6 months) may be needed for osseointegration (fusion of implants with bone).

Step 3: Impressions

  • The dentist takes impressions or digital scans of the prepared area.
  • These are sent to a dental lab to fabricate a custom bridge.
  • Temporary Bridge: A temporary bridge may be placed to protect the prepared teeth and maintain functionality.

Step 4: Fabrication

  • The dental lab creates the bridge using materials like porcelain, zirconia, or metal-fused porcelain.
  • The final bridge is customized for fit, bite alignment, and color matching.

Step 5: Fitting the Bridge

  • The dentist removes the temporary bridge and tests the fit and bite of the permanent bridge.
  • Adjustments are made to ensure proper alignment and comfort.

Step 6: Cementation

  • The permanent bridge is cemented onto the abutment teeth or attached to implants.
  • Excess cement is cleaned off, and the bite is rechecked.

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